英语读书笔记最新2500字。
下面是一篇关于“英语读书笔记最新”的详细文章。读后感不是对原文的简单抄录或复述，而是以体会为主，作品这部作品的价值总会历久弥新。 读书不仅可以丰富智识，还可以提升个人道德素质。供大家参考，希望能帮助到有需要的朋友！
英语读书笔记最新(篇1)
《现代中学英语教师素养》这是一本集中学英语教师综合教学技能指导的教材，课堂用语篇针对英语教师语言基本功要求，编写了英语课堂常用语，如：课前准备，课中提问，教师指令、演示、评价语言等，指导教师准确并流利地运用英语组织教学。在附录部分还为教师提供了几百条与教学有关的校园用语。读书让我更深刻得体会了教育的民主，在学生眼里，教师能够与他们平起平坐，他们的心理也就获得了一种平衡，这样的教师最能受到学生的敬重。学生乐意与我走近，常把心里话告诉我，向我诉说烦恼，向我倾诉困难，我因此常和学生交流，这不能不说是一笔最宝贵的财富。
当今社会，科学技术突飞猛进，知识应用期日趋缩短，知识创新日趋鲜明，这就要求教师要不断吸取新信息、新知识、新理念，不断充实自己，始终站在知识的前沿；要不断完善知识结构，做到博学多才，与时俱进，学生才会"亲其师而信其道"；对所教学科，要知其然，更要知其所以然，才能抓住要领，举一反三，触类旁通，运用自如，才激发学生的学习兴趣。学习文化知识，提升综合素质。作为教师，不仅要学习专业知识，精通本专业知识，还要学习与本学科相关的人文业务水平提高了，对教育教学工作才更加热心，态度才更加积极向上。
通过阅读，我深深感受到作为一名中学英语教师，仅具备专业方面的知识是远远不够的。中学英语教育的重点是给孩子们提供一个学习英语的机会，打下较好的英语基础，这包括了学习兴趣的培养和正确的学习方法的掌握。一名教师能以教学原则和方法来提高课堂教学的组织能力和实践能力。兴趣是最好的老师，它对英语学习起着积极的推动作用。有了兴趣就有了一个自主学习英语的动机，中学生学习英语的动机一旦被激发，就会用积极主动的态度对英语进行学习和探索，兴趣也就越浓。在遇到困难的情况下，会更有意志力。教师不仅要有综合的教学技能，还要有语言的示范能力。
教学技能是评价教师的核心技能，它是指教师如何教的技能，具体地说就是指教师对教学设计，课堂活动实践，课堂教学组织和在课内外充分展示英语在交流中的工具性的能力。目前中学英语教材的内容与学生的学习和生活有密切联系，主要是以趣味性最强的“情景会话”为主。
教学生唱他们喜欢的英语歌曲，会画形象的简笔画，会制作美丽多样的幻灯片，会以丰富的表情，协调的动作表达意义或有感情，会组织丰富多彩的活动，能熟练运用多媒体辅助教学才能把学生的学习兴趣激发出来。在英语教学中，听、说、读、写既是英语教学的目的，又是英语教学手段。要对学生进行这几方面的基本训练，教师要有过硬的基本功：
（1）教师的语音语调要标准，纯正，流利；（2）有一定的口语能力，能用简练、准确的语言组织课堂教学；（3）书设计合理，字迹工整规范。
一个中学英语教师应在教学工作中充满生机和活力，富有创新意识和超前意识，对待教学实践中所遇到问题应经常反思，并保持探索的习惯。创新在本质上是一种超越，要越过传统和现实以及自我的障碍。教师如果富有创新意识和创新能力，能使学生的创造能力在潜移默化中不断提高。
中学英语教师在教学过程中会遇到很多意想不到的问题，这就要求中学英语教师进行反思。上完一节课后，静静地坐在办公桌前，从容地整理自己的教学思路，反思自己的教学行为，总结自己的教学得失。使自己的教学更上一个台阶！我们很多人不是也成天在嘲笑别人这也不行，那也不对么？而当他自己去干时，结果什么也干不了，传统的思维已经成为一种定势，让他在自缚的中慢慢地消失。
英语读书笔记最新(篇2)
《最后一片叶子》英文版读后感范文
"Last leaf" This article is my "Children's Literature" on the see. When I finished reading the article, I who had a deep admiration for the artist's talent and the kind of self-sacrificing spirit.
What happened was this: So a good friend of Jones, unfortunately, contracted pneumonia, in their residence out of the window there is a cluster of ivy, through the baptism of wind and rain, and its leaves have disappeared into obscurity. Jones think when the last one leaves off the ivy-ray later, her life, coming to an end. SO this can not be racking their brains to dispel the idea of her, only to the downstairs, Mr. Berman for help. Berman is a painter, he knew that after a wet and windy night, in the ivy leaves off the light, when girls think that their certain death, when the old painter to allow girls to rekindle the fire of hope, he braved the wind and rain to leaves painted on the wall, for which he contracted pneumonia and died.
Read it, tears blurred my eyes, I thought of how great the old painter. Him, an ordinary painter, in order to save itself has to give up on a girl, paid with his life. I seem to see the face of it after he leaves unfinished a brilliant smile. He finally has had his wish. That is, he hopes to complete his Jingshizhizuo during their lifetime. It seems to me that he did. I think if he were alive, he would think so.
From the bottom of my heart I admire Mr. Berman, as well as the psychological Jones previously was sad. When people can not give up hope. Like our class a female classmate, she was very confident of their own. In a jumping goat, her teachers and fellow students rely on the constant encouragement, she finally jumped in the past. So, in our side, also need, as Mr. Berman did for our people to keep lit the fire of hope. In this way, our lives would flourishing.
From each of a small matter, every word from the language, one from each eye, we are little by little to build our self-confidence. Therefore, we must be careful to do things, talk, do not give up someone else's confidence. A people do not have self-confidence, nothing can be done.
When reading this article, I have been wondering: Why, Mr. Berman will be death? Because I did not know he was to die in order to draw a leaf, but did not know what was actually his paintings to their work. Until I saw the words of the last paragraph of the article. This is what the Soviet Union to the friends said, she said: "There are some things I must tell you, white mouse (Jones)， Mr. Rae Mann died of pneumonia in the hospital today. He only sick for two days. The first day of the morning, to see found the door in his room very sick. His shoes and clothes were soaked, and cold Speranskia tuberculata did not know he was doing in that wind and rain the night went, only found a lantern, still lit; There is obviously just used a ladder; have a few to throw on one side of the brush; a Nianman yellow, green, two kinds of mixed-color palette, as well as … … my dear, you look out the window bar, wall ivy leaf on that last one! you not think Mody? Why wind and rain it does have a motionless? Oh. Dear Mr. Berman Jingshizhizuo this is That night, when the last leaf to fall, He took it painted on the wall. "
英语读书笔记最新(篇3)
However, happiness didn’t last for long. When M. Duval, Armand’s father, came to her, pleading for her to lea一ve Armand to sa一ve both Armand’s reputation and that of his younger innocent sister, Marguerite saw a way to become pure of heart, if not in body. She felt that it was her duty, because she loved Armand so much, to do this even though it meant giving up her own happiness and hurting Armand temporarily. She reluctantly returned to her former life, knowing that some day Armand would forgive her. Sadly, she died in deb一t and basically alone, except for her one female friend, Julie Duprat, who helped her during her illness. She had her journal sent to Armand after her death, explaining why she had made the choices she had.
I think Dumas’s last few lines about Marguerite being the exception, not the rule were quite true, and I also aGREed with his view that while her lifestyle could not be condoned, we as a society assume that all of these type of women are cold and heartless, while this may not always be the case. A person can make the wrong choices in life when they are young, and try to redeem themselves, but sometimes past situations prevent them from changing their lives, even though they desperately wish to do so. This applies to both men and women in many different types of circumstances: involvement in crime; drug or alcohol abuse; gambling; prostitution; financial problems; poor marriage choices; etc. And this is the fact, which exists in the whole society.
英语读书笔记最新(篇4)
1、选择可以有很多种，但结局永远都只有一个。
2、宁为太平狗，莫作离乱人。
3、挂春联，贴福字，喜气洋洋过大年；放鞭炮，挂红灯，家家户户笑开颜；包饺子，舞龙狮，心底甜甜福无边；写短信，送祝福，情意绵绵润你心：祝新年愉快。
4、岩石时而被海水淹没，时而裸露出来。
5、你摇摇头，我摆摆手，余生我们分开走。
6、人生的幸福，不在于富足，而在于满足。满足不在于多加燃料，而在于减少火苗；欲望无止，生命有限，以有限的生命追求无尽的欲望，又怎能得到满足？放下贪欲，追求平实简朴的生活，幸福才能越来越多。
7、母亲节到了，愿亲爱的妈妈健康快乐永幸福。
8、做事总三分钟热度的我，却爱了你这么久。
9、我喜欢你，是那种一想到你的名字，心里动辄海啸山鸣的喜欢。
10、最终能决定你到哪里的，只有你自己。
11、虽天才隽朗，而实须坟诰以广知。
12、当关不报侵晨客，新得佳人字莫愁。——李商隐《富平少侯》
13、在这个喜庆的日子，祝您：八方客来，喜笑颜开；鲲鹏展翅，宏图伟业：福大志大，家大业大；财源滚滚，万事大吉。
14、平安福地，紫微指栋，吉庆人家，春风架梁。
15、过去这么久，我看到你的名字，还是会有那么一瞬间，觉得世界都静止。
16、包饺子，财神到，金银福禄跟你跑。
17、每当下雨的时候，江面上现出一圈一圈的波纹，江上似乎开了一朵一朵的水花，美丽极了！
18、现实让我变成了另个人，怎么办，忘了哪个是自己。
19、好感是不会永远保鲜，毕竟热情总会变得冷淡。
20、一个云淡风轻，一个念念不忘，便是最遥远的距离。
21、她爱的没有错，就是太苦了自己。
22、有些路走下去很累，可是不得不^m。
23、我擦了擦阿拉丁的神灯，灯神出来了，于是我对灯神说：请让我哥和我嫂，永世恩恩爱爱，永浴爱河！白头偕老！
24、在这个特殊的节日里，我衷心祝福我的妈妈节日快乐！道一声您辛苦了！
25、送祝福送关心送如意，愿你时时刻刻都顺利，送问候送思念送鼓励，愿你分分秒秒都欢喜，朋友倾情叮嘱，记得常联系！
26、我希望看到你的笑容，我希望我能为你分担忧愁。
27、人寿年丰，老当益壮，红光满面，幸福无疆，以和为贵，德高望重，满院春光，喜上眉梢，庆云跃日，皆大欢喜，金玉满堂，龙凤呈祥。
28、我希望我跟你的名字能写在一起，不管是在婚礼的喜帖上，还是在葬礼的墓碑上。
29、上无片瓦，下无卓锥之地。
30、夜，依旧那么深，依然那么凉。独守红尘的一份执着，在今夜凝结成伤铺满字里行间，点点滴滴，渗透夜的每个角落。
31、群雁在霞光中抖擞着翅膀，悠然地从草地中飞起。它们排着“一”字飞上天空，像出征的战士，呼喊着，歌唱着，声音里充满了必胜的信念。
32、绿树村边合，青山郭外斜。
33、清茗酬知己，煮茶会佳人。
34、遇到你，是我的；凵夏悖是我的劫。
35、一根线容易断，万根能拉船。
英语读书笔记最新(篇5)
1、遇见你是上天的安排，而爱你是我情不自禁的。
2、男儿不展同云志，空负天生八尺躯。
3、诚实是人生的命脉，是一切价值的根基。
4、贪图省力的船夫，目标永远下游。
5、世界抛弃了我，可还有篮球陪着我。
6、春蚕到死丝方尽，人至期颐亦不休。一息尚存须努力，留作青年好范畴。 吴玉章
7、就是很喜欢你呀，一眼心动，两眼沦陷那种。
8、青春之所以幸福，就因为它没有前途。
9、情绪犹如温度计，能使人沸腾，也能使人冷却。
10、红颜在美，百年之后不过一堆白骨。
11、太多的人闯进我的生活，却没有一个是我要的人。
12、不慌乱，不迷茫，无悔人生。
13、世界再大，我眼里只有你。
14、听说你要高考了，祝你考数学华罗庚附身，考语文鲁迅附身，考英语老外附身，考物理爱因斯坦附身，实在不行我让出卷者附你身，哈哈轻松短信逗你一笑，只为你轻松应考，快乐成功！
15、往来千里路长在，聚散十年人不同。
16、人生路上什么都不怕，就怕自己投降。
17、书山有路勤为径，学海无崖苦作舟。
18、温故而知新，可以为师矣。
19、我倔强的爱着，因为有你的陪伴。
20、人生不怕重来，就怕没有将来。
21、和尚不说鬼，袋里没有米。
22、晚安一过，我又多爱了你一天。
23、专一不是一辈子只喜欢一个人，是喜欢一个人的时候一心一意。爱就是有个人来了以后，就再也没走。
24、真正之才智，是刚毅的志向。
25、Nature is the true law.天行有常，不为尧存，不为桀亡。
26、那乳白色的月光像水一样倾泻下来，轻轻洒在我的脸上，又缓缓地流淌到地上。
27、如果明天我去长城，你会和我一起去吗？
英语读书笔记最新(篇6)
英语读书笔记（一）
Summary:
There is a farmer named Rip Van Winkle. He doesn’t like working at all, but he likes to talk. One day, Rip goes to the mountains with his dog, Wolf. They meet an old man. He is strange, he has a big barrel on his back. He never talks! They walk and walk up the mountain. They come to a building, there, Rip meets a lot of strange man. Rip and the old man had a lot of drinks in the barrel. Then Rip fall in to sleep. He sleeps for 20 years! Rip wakes up and goes home. He meets his daughter and knows that many people died in the war between America and Britain. Later, ,rip tells his strange story to his new friends in his new town——The United States of America.
Comment:
After reading, I think that Rip Van Winkle is a very interesting person. He likes talking with other people. He is good at communicate. So he has finding that it’s fine to stay with others. We must learn this from Rip. Rip also has some bad manners. He doesn’t like working. We mustn’t do as Rip does.
Vocabulary and Expressions:
1.barra 桶 2.strange 奇怪的
3.believe 相信 4.afraid 害怕
5.wait for——My wife is waiting for me. (P3)
6.look for——Rip looked for his friends. (P8)
7.the war with——the war with Britain (P12)
Twenty Thousand Leagues under the Sea 海底两万里
By Jules Verne [法]凡尔纳 著
Summary:
Story started in 1866. Aronnax, a natural historian, was studying for a large monster under the sea. At that time, the monster’s massagers were traveling around the world. After the investigation, he would return from aboard. And then he received an invitation from sea forces of America. So he was going to make the monster die out.
Comment:
What a great story it is! How exciting the trip under the sea was it! I also want to go with captain Nemo. But I’m afraid that I’m not so lucky as Aronnax. The life under the sea must be nice. There are many coral, water plants, fish, mineral products in stead of worried and strife. I like that kind of world!
英语读书笔记（二）
The Adventures of Tom Sawyer 汤姆·索亚历险记
By Mark Twain [美]马克·吐温 著
Summary：
Tom Sawyer loves adventures. He has adventures at home, at school, and other mysterious places with his friends. One day, Tom has an adventure in the graveyard. And they sea Injun Joe kills the doctor. He wants to kill the boys. Some days passed, Tom and Becky have an adventure in the cave. They hear Injun Joe! They run out of the cave as soon as possible. Later, Tom and his friends go to the cave again. They find that Injun Joe was died, and they the precious treasure. ()They go out of the cave with the box of money!
Comment：
Tom Sawyer is an active and pretty smart boy. He has a strong courage to go for an adventure. He is a brave boy, and he must be a reliable friend. He can always help you at the important time. Tom Sawyer is a good boy and his adventures are really interesting and be expecting!
英语读书笔记（三）
he Old Man And The Sea 《老人与海》
The Old Man and the Sea is one of Hemingway's most enduring works.Told in language of great simplicity and power,it is the story of an old Cuban fisherman,down on his luck,and his supreme ordeal——a relentless,agonizing battle with a giant marlin far out in the Gulf Stream.Here Hemingway recasts,in strikingly contemporary style,the classic thene of courage in the face of defeat,of personal triumph won from los.Written in 1952,this hugely successfully novella confirmed his power and presence in the literary world and played a huge part in his winning the 1954 Nobel Prize for Literature. The novel is very famous in the world, so lot of people like this novel. We also studied it in our Chinese class, Hemingway's novel are always interesting I like his novel much, also in his novel we can learn a lot by his meanings. It’s really a good novel for people to read.
Comment:
Stephen is a bad guy. He can’t bear that the woman he loves stay with other man! He killed her, and then frames other. From this passage, we can catch that love can make people to be an angle, or it can also make people a demon at all!
英语读书笔记最新(篇7)
看完一本名著后，相信大家都有很多值得分享的东西，是时候抽出时间写写读后感了。是不是无从下笔、没有头绪？下面是小编为大家收集的瓦尔登湖读后感英文版，仅供参考，欢迎大家阅读。
read through some of the more than half of the "walden pond", to be honest look at a lot of paragraphs do not really understand, but say it is fun sections of animals that people read fresh.
the first animal is the rooster attention, and that the most common birds, however the author's pen in the air all of a sudden and very poor. thoreau is the author described them this way: the rooster, pheasant was originally, and their chirping is the world's most beautiful music, better than all the other animals, but most of the time to fill the gaps in their voice is their wife - the mother chickens are noisy, it's no wonder that they ultimately can only be the poultry, not to mention what kind of a chicken egg. these words can not help people desperately want to remember the music chenming rooster, the result was a loss, except in writing from the mechanical "oo" sound. as for the hen, they can only remember them after the end of each time it is under the "giggle" to stop the called.
walden pond, how can there are so many wild animal? every day it seems that the author and not the name they say hello. are familiar with ant, but where the ants are like the soldiers how to ah, make that an ant war was afraid to read the small bio of contempt. lovely fledgling partridge destitute people, they only obey the instinct of mothers and their own oh, the fullness of their long feathers of the body of small branches and leaves together to maintain the same posture, where to stay motionless, it picked up when a stranger or follow it, it continues to stay as motionless, or take your eyes clean. scary, of course, most diving birds, and it always sent laugh, when it is from this lake first dive, the observer much hunting or after a lot of fun. what it is, you can go to the bottom of the lake to fish in the bird.
after all the human animal is, ah, just high-level animals. the author predicted that the result of human progress must be to give up meat, as the savage to the civilized around after people give up bad habits, like eating. i do not know human beings are not one day give up meat, it is very curious about the rabbit call. in the book, the author said: rabbit to the end, the truth was a child cry. on rabbits, the most profound impression that the tree hit a hare, but there is no written record of our had been a poor hunt rabbits.
英语读书笔记最新(篇8)
Didn't see the animation for a time, the only reason is that there is no better animation masterpiece can appeal to me, but this "despicable me" look tonight let me not stop laughing, I haven't felt it, seems to be the film, the film of that original moved been thinking over, replaced, although still have deep feelings of the movie, but has become less pure, or should I say is too pure.
Despicable me "in the first half of the imagination really let me be startled at various all sorts of strange things, the invention of Pyramid as well as the moon, stealing ideas and so on, but it does not keep this advantage, at the back we can obviously feel it in imagination too, repeated design makes the second half, monotonous.
But it is stubbornly find narrative logic in general make trouble out of nothing rigorous from cartoon, so "despicable me" still can not stop me every 3 minutes in the heart for this movie exclamation "too cool".
For the film, but also for their development in the future hope, hope they later animation can do better, to create their own piece of heaven.
没看到有一段时间，动画，唯一的理由是，有没有更好的动画杰作能吸引我，但这《卑鄙的我》看今晚让我笑个不停，我没觉得，似乎是电影，电影的原始感动了思考，取代了，虽然还有电影很深的感情，但已变得不那么纯，或者我应该说是太纯的。
卑鄙的我在想象上半年真让我吃惊的是在各种千奇百怪，金字塔的发明以及月亮，偷想法等等，但不保持这一优势，在后面我们可以明显感觉到它在想象过，重复设计使二一半的，单调的。但它是固执地寻找叙事逻辑的一般没有严格的卡通制造麻烦，所以《卑鄙的我》仍不能阻止我每3分钟在心里为这部电影惊呼“太酷了”。
这部电影，但也为他们未来发展的希望，希望他们以后的动画可以做得更好，创造自己的一片天。
英语读书笔记最新(篇9)
contain the following four parts:
1. identification. give the title and author’s name. if the book is one with which your readers may not be familiar, identify it further. give the name of the publisher, the place and year of publication, the price, and the number of pages. later to relocate quotations or other information.
4. evaluation. your opinion is the most important part of the report. it may
be either your immediate reaction to the book or a judgment based on further study.
in either case, your opinion impression of the material after you have finished the book. writing book reports can be a valuable exercise in clear thinking and precise writing. it also gives you the opportunity to improve your writing and to develop a style of your owna book report of thirty-nine steps simplified version/abbreviated version the gist of the story is as follows 主人公 leading role/leading character/hero/heroineit is set on the eve of?/it is set on the background that?
a book report of the black tulip by li minli, class 5, the black tulip is a novel written by alexandre dumas pere, simplified by micle
wester, and was published by shanghai translation press in 1983.the story is set in the 17th century in holland when fierce political conflicts
prevailed while the society rioted.in this story, cornelius van baerle being so crazy about tulips tries to growa black tulip without any other color on it at all in order to gain quite a substantialsum of money offered to the winner. however, boxtel, a man living in the next door,also has a crush on the money. he then supervises every movement of cornelius secretly for fear that cornelius may grow better tulips than his own. besides this, he also carries out many surreptitious activities to destroy cornelius’ tulips by all means.once a while, he accuses cornelius of harbouring letters that might be harmful to the government so that cornelius is sent to the prison without giving provocation.this nearly causes him to death. even here, cornelius manages to grow tulips with the help of rosa, the daughter of the prison-keeper. but unfortunately, their first black tulip is stolen by boxtel. it’s rosa who proves the truth and saves coenelius by herself! it’s a happy ending in this novel as it says “those who have suffered much,have a right to be happy.” this quotation brings the whole story to an end and willcertainly motivate readers to go on. rosa herself will remain as quite a good example, too. besides, “justice could defeat evil however difficult it is and whatever the process would be” can be easily seen as the author’s deep philosophy towards life. by reading it, the reader can both enjoy the plots and be stimulated!
a book report of the black tulip by huang xin, talents class, i have recently read the simplified versionof the black tulip published by shanghai translation press. this novel was writtenby the distinguished french writer alexandre dumas pere, the pioneer of theromanticism literature movement in france. he was so popular that his works had beentranslated into several languages this novel took 17th century dutch bourgeois revolutionary period of intensepolitical struggle and the turbulent life as its background.dream and achieves happiness at last.earned through your own honest efforts. firstly, in order to obtain happiness, you should achieve your successful work,in order to achieve your successful work, you1. introductory paragraphthe first sentence should state for which instructor and class the book-reportis being written.the second sentence should state the title of the book and the authors name.the third sentence should tell how many pages the book has and the name of thepublisher. the fourth sentence can state basic bibliographic information about the book.the next sentence should state the reason(s) you decided to read this book.
Why did you choose this particular book? typical reasons might be:o you like the author. it was on a required reading list. you liked the cover.an optional sentence can be used if the cover (back cover) of the book gives youany additional information then add a sentence with that information. o was the book a best seller?are there x million copies in print? o did it win any major awards?
2. main character(s) paragraph the first sentence of this paragraph should state who the main character or
characters of the book are, and why they are important. refer to this person or these
persons as the main character or main characters.
3. other characters paragraph most books have five or six prominent characters besides the main character, so simply listing each one and stating their role in the book will give you a good sized paragraph.
4. plot summary paragraphthis is perhaps the hardest paragraph to write in five sentences or so. if you have to write a bit more dont worry. here are the main points to cover:o state the type of book (mystery, western, etc.). o what place or country was the book set in? o what time period was the book set in? (19th century, the present, ancient rome,he 23rd century.other physical locations which are important, like: ships, airplanes, houses,or buildings.other notable attributes of the book. (was it violent, scary, fast paced, etc.). what is the main character trying to do? o etc. make sure you cover all of the major parts of the plot. you might have to go backthrough the book, chapter by chapter, and make a few notes.
5. personal impressions and conclusion paragraph simply talk about what you liked or did not like about the book. use this paragraph as your conclusion. it should summarize your overall impressions of the book and bringthe report to a close.o restate your reasons why you liked and/or disliked the book using different words. o write two sentences that talk about the books good points and weak points.write a sentence or two about what you learned from the book. dont be afraid to give your own honest impressions of the book. after all, ifyouve read the book thoroughly, you are entitled to your own interpretation of it.typically, your book report should not exceed two double-spaced pages, and itshould be somewhere between 600 and 800 words in length.book report on robinson crusoe gone with the wind.
